How to Configure the DNS Server in Windows
To configure DNS by using the DNS snap-in in Microsoft Management Console (MMC), follow these steps:
1. Click Start, point to Programs, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DNS.
2. Right-click Forward lookup zones, and then click New Zone
3. When the New Zone Wizard starts, click Next.
You are prompted for a zone type. The zone types include:
• Primary zone: Creates a copy of a zone that can be updated directly on this server. This zone information is stored in a .dns text file.
• Secondary zone: A standard secondary zone copies all of the information from its master DNS server. A master DNS server can be an Active Directory, primary, or secondary zone that is configured for zone transfers. Note that you cannot modify the zone data on a secondary DNS server. All of its data is copied from its master DNS server.
• Stub zone: A Stub zone contains only those resource records that are necessary to identify the authoritative DNS servers for that zone. Those resource records include Name Server (NS), Start of Authority (SOA), and possibly glue Host (A) records.
There is also an option to the store zone in Active Directory. This option is only available if the DNS server is a Domain controller.
4. The new forward lookup zone must be a primary or an Active Directory-integrated zone so that it can accept dynamic updates. Click Primary, and then click Next.
5. The new zone contains the locator records for this Active Directory-based domain. The name of the zone must be the same as the name of the Active Directory-based domain, or be a logical DNS container for that name. For example, if the Active Directory-based domain is named “support.microsoft.com”, valid zone names are “support.microsoft.com” only.
Accept the default name for the new zone file. Click Next.
NOTE: Experienced DNS administrators may want to create a reverse lookup zone, and are encouraged to explore this branch of the wizard. A DNS server can resolve two basic requests: a forward lookup and a reverse lookup. A forward lookup is more common. A forward lookup resolves a host name to an IP address with an “A” or Host Resource record. A reverse lookup resolves an IP address to a host name with a PTR or Pointer Resource record. If you have your reverse DNS zones configured, you can automatically create associated reverse records when you create your original forward record.
How to Remove the Root DNS Zone
A DNS server running Windows Server 2003 follows specific steps in its name-resolution process. A DNS server first queries its cache, it checks its zone records, it sends requests to forwarders, and then it tries resolution by using root servers.
By default, a Microsoft DNS server connects to the Internet to process DNS requests more with root hints. When you use the Dcpromo tool to promote a server to a domain controller, the domain controller requires DNS. If you install DNS during the promotion process, a root zone is created. This root zone indicates to your DNS server that it is a root Internet server. Therefore, your DNS server does not use forwarders or root hints in the name-resolution process.
1. Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DNS.
2. Expand ServerName, where ServerName is the name of the server, click Properties and then expand Forward Lookup Zones.
3. Right-click the “.” zone, and then click Delete.
How to Configure Forwarders
Windows Server 2003 can take advantage of DNS forwarders. This feature forwards DNS requests to external servers. If a DNS server cannot find a resource record in its zones, it can send the request to another DNS server for additional attempts at resolution. A common scenario might be to configure forwarders to your ISP’s DNS servers.
1. Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DNS.
2. Right-click ServerName, where ServerName is the name of the server, and then click the Forwarders tab.
3. Click a DNS domain in the DNS domain list. Or, click New, type the name of the DNS domain for which you want to forward queries in the DNS domain box, and then click OK.
4. In the Selected domain’s forwarder IP address box, type the IP address of the first DNS server to which you want to forward, and then click Add.
5. Repeat step 4 to add the DNS servers to which you want to forward.
6. Click OK.
How to Configure Root Hints
Windows can use root hints. The Root Hints resource records can be stored in either Active Directory or in a text file (%SystemRoot%\System32\DNS\Cache.dns). Windows uses the standard Internic root server. Also, when a server running Windows Server 2003 queries a root server, it updates itself with the most recent list of root servers.
1. Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DNS.
2. Right-click ServerName, where ServerName is the name of the server, and then click Properties.
3. Click the Root Hints tab. The DNS server’s root servers are listed in the Name servers list.
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